Pasiv
Pasiv stavlja u prvi plan osobu ili stvar na koju radnja djeluje. Koristimo ga kada vršilac nije poznat, nije važan ili ga ne želimo posebno isticati.
Tvorba pasiva
Osnovni obrazac je odgovarajući oblik glagola be + past participle. Objekat aktivne rečenice postaje subjekat pasivne. Vršioca, ako je važan, navodimo uz by.
By Rita označava vršioca radnje, a nije drugi direktni objekat. Često se potpuno izostavlja.
Pasiv u različitim vremenima
| Vrijeme ili konstrukcija | Aktiv | Pasiv |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | Rita writes letters. | Letters are written by Rita. |
| Past Simple | Rita wrote a letter. | A letter was written by Rita. |
| Present Continuous | Rita is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by Rita. |
| Past Continuous | Rita was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by Rita. |
| Present Perfect | Rita has written a letter. | A letter has been written by Rita. |
| Past Perfect | Rita had written a letter. | A letter had been written by Rita. |
| Will | Rita will write a letter. | A letter will be written by Rita. |
| Future Perfect | Rita will have written a letter. | A letter will have been written by Rita. |
| Modalni glagol | Rita can write the letter. | The letter can be written by Rita. |
| Would | Rita would write the letter. | The letter would be written by Rita. |
| Would have | Rita would have written the letter. | The letter would have been written by Rita. |
Rečenice s dva objekta
Uz neke glagole, poput give, jedan od dva objekta može postati subjekat pasivne rečenice. Izbor zavisi od toga šta želimo naglasiti.
| Oblik | Rečenica |
|---|---|
| Aktiv | Rita gave me a book. |
| Pasiv: primalac | I was given a book. |
| Pasiv: predmet | A book was given to me. |
Ova mogućnost ne vrijedi jednako za svaki glagol. Najbolje je učiti je uz konkretne primjere.
Bezlične i izvještajne konstrukcije
Slični obrasci postoje uz think, believe, report i know. Obični neprelazni glagoli, poput arrive, nemaju direktni objekat koji bi postao subjekat pasiva: The train arrived. Dodavanje proizvoljnog prijedloga ne pravi automatski pasiv.
Vježbaj ovu oblast u kvizu. Nakon testa ponovi pravilo uz koje si pogriješio/la.