Indirektni govor

Upravni govor prenosi nečije tačne riječi, a indirektni ili neupravni govor prenosi njihov sadržaj. Zamjenice, glagolsko vrijeme i izraze za mjesto i vrijeme prilagođavamo stvarnom kontekstu.

Izjave i uvodni glagoli

He says, “This is my book.”On kaže: „Ovo je moja knjiga.“

He says that this is his book.On kaže da je ovo njegova knjiga.

Uz uvodni glagol u sadašnjosti obično nema pomjeranja vremena. That se u mnogim izjavama može izostaviti. Say može stajati bez objekta, a tell obično traži osobu: He said that ... / He told me that ...

Pomjeranje vremena

Kada izvještavamo iz kasnijeg prošlog trenutka, često pomjeramo vrijeme unazad. To nije obavezno ako je informacija i dalje važeća ili relevantna.

Upravni govor	Indirektni govor uz said
I work here.	She said she worked there.
I am working.	She said she was working.
I worked yesterday.	She said she had worked the day before.
I have worked here.	She said she had worked there.
I was working.	She said she had been working.
I have been working.	She said she had been working.
I had worked.	She said she had worked.
I had been working.	She said she had been working.
I will work.	She said she would work.
I can help.	She said she could help.
I may come.	She said she might come.

Would, could, should i might obično ostaju isti. Must pri prenošenju obaveze često postaje had to, a pri zaključivanju može ostati must.

Zamjenice, vrijeme i mjesto

Promjene nisu automatske: I može postati he, she ili ostati I, zavisno od govornika. Here i today mijenjamo samo ako su se promijenili mjesto ili dan iz kojeg izvještavamo.

Izvorni izraz	Moguća promjena
now	then
today	that day
tonight	that night / that evening
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next / following day
last week	the week before / the previous week
next week	the following week
two days ago	two days before
here	there
this / these	that / those

Pitanja u indirektnom govoru

Zadržavamo upitnu riječ, a za pitanja na koja se odgovara sa da/ne koristimo if ili whether. Redoslijed je kao u izjavnoj rečenici: subjekat pa glagol. To ne znači da negacija mora nestati.

“Where do you live?” → He asked where I lived.Pitao je gdje živim.

“Are you at home?” → She asked if I was at home.Pitala je jesam li kod kuće.

“Why don’t you go home?” → He asked why I didn’t go home.Pitao je zašto ne idem kući.

“Who lives here?” → She asked who lived there.Pitala je ko tu živi.

Kada je who subjekat, redoslijed već izgleda kao u izjavi. Ne stavljamo upitnik iza indirektnog pitanja unutar izjave.

Naredbe, molbe i zabrane

Česti obrasci su tell/ask + osoba + to + glagol, odnosno not to za zabranu. Za naredbu ne koristimo neprirodno say to me to.

“Go away!” → He told me to go away.Rekao mi je da odem.

“Please write the letter.” → She asked me to write the letter.Zamolila me da napišem pismo.

“Don’t talk!” → She told us not to talk.Rekla nam je da ne razgovaramo.